mission geography

Ethnography                                              About the term The term ' Ethnography' has its root in two Greek words,i.g 'ethnos' & 'graphia' 'Ethnos' refers to people ' Graphia' stand for   writing So , the term 'Ethnography' literally means ' A potrait of a people'       Definition of Ethnography According to Harris & Johnson, an Ethnography is a written descriptionof a particular culture ( customs,believes,behaviours) based on information collection through fieldwork. Ethnographic method refers to fieldwork (participant observation) conducted by a single investigator who ' lives with & lives like' those who are studied.- Van Manen, 1996       Steps of conducting Ethnography- 1. Problem formulation 2. S...

Criteria of a Problem Statement         Introduction                                          PROBLEM STATEMENT                A problem statement is an issue or problem currently existing tha needs to be addressed. Ø It identifies the knowledge gap between the present state and the desired state. Ø It provides the context for the research study and generates questions that the research aims to answer. Ø A research statement is not very lengthy.   CRITERIA OF A PROBLEM STATEMENT The criteria or the requirements that a problem statement should fulfill are Ø The five Ws-   what, who, when, where and why ·        What   is the problem- the to...

Meaning and Characteristics of a research problem Meaning of Research Problem   q A research problem is a specific issue, difficulty, contradiction or a gap in knowledge that a researcher will aim to address in his/her research. q   It also means finding answers to questions or strengthening existing knowledge finding to bridge the knowledge gap to solve problems     Characteristics of Research Problem   q The problem should be stated clearly and concisely. q The problem generates research questions. q It is grounded in theory q It relates to one or more academic field. q It has a base in research literature. q The problem reflects felt needs q It is do-able within the time frame budget. q Sufficient data are available or can be obtained. q The problem is new; it is not answered sufficiently.  

LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH WHAT IS RESEARCH When we hear the “Research” word the first question comes to on our mind that is What Is Research? So basically research means ‘RE + SEARCH’ re means again and again and search refer to explore something new so in a short word research is process of observing the phenomenon again and again. Research is   a systematic effort to gain new knowledge in any kind of discipline, or it is a systematic process    where scientific activity done for solution of problem or extension of knowledge.     TYPES OF RESEARCH The basic type of research are as follow- On the basis of objectives- ·         Fundamental ·         Action research ·         Applied research  On the basis of Nature of data- ·         Qualitative Research ·       ...

ACTION RESEARCH   Action Research: There are two dimensions attached to this word 'action research', Where one is ‘action’ which is doing something and second is ‘research’, which is analyzing. Kurt Lewin, a professor at MIT, first coined the term, "action research'' in 1944. In his1946 paper "Action Research and Minority Problems" he described action research as "a comparative research on the conditions and effects of various forms of social action" that uses "a spiral of steps, each of which is composed of a circle of planning, action and fact-finding about the result of the action". Action research is “Research in Action-a group of people identify a problem, do something to resolve it, see how successful their efforts were, and if not satisfied, try again. According to S. M. Corey, “The process by which practitioner attempts to study their problems scientifically in order to guide, correct, evaluate their decisions and action is ...